1. Formulas which compute the values of a cell from numbers in other cells are embedded in the cells of your gradebook spreadsheet in various locations.
2. You can see if a formula is embedded in a cell by clicking on the cell and looking at the function pane (f_x) located near the top of the Excel file.
3. Formulas always begin with an "=" sign in the function pane. For example, clicking on cell D5 shows the formula: =IF(MAX(D11:D27)>D8,"Maximum"," ")
4. The highlighted areas in the image below indicate where the formulas reside in the gradebook; clicking on any of these cells will reveal the formula that computes the value of that cell.

Working with Formulas

1. NOTE: Embedded calculations are interdependent; deleting or changing values from a cell containing a formula will compromise the calculations of the gradebook!
2. However, it is okay to enter new information into cells that don't contain formulas (i.e., student name, ID, and assignment scores).
3. You can get an idea about what a formula is doing by selecting a cell (e.g., "100" outlined in blue below) and then clicking on the formula in the function pane.
4. This will result in a colored outline of the cells involved in the calculations.
5. **VERY IMPORTANT** You must click on any non-formulaic cell to properly exit the function pane when you are finished viewing the formula.

Copying formulas to new assignments

1. Formulas can be copied into new cells quite easily. However, using "copy and paste" is not advised.
2. An example of when you may need to copy an existing formula is when your class size is larger than your template and hence you have rows of students without grading formulas.
3. You can copy the existing formula(s) by selecting a cell containing a formula and then placing your cursor on the bottom right corner of that cell.
4. Look for a change in your cursor from a bold plus sign ()to a small plus sign (+). This lets you know you are in the right spot.
5. Next, left click and drag down to the new bottom row (last student on list), through each cell to which you want the formula to apply.

   [See Video]

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