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References

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40. Bruunsgaard H, Pedersen BK. Special feature for the Olympics: effects of exercise on the immune system: effects of exercise on the immune system in the elderly population. Immunology and cell biology 2000; 78: 523-31. [Link]

41. Yan H, Kuroiwa A, Tanaka H, Shindo M, Kiyonaga A, Nagayama A. Effect of moderate exercise on immune senescence in men. European journal of applied physiology 2001; 86: 105-11. [Link]

42. Smith TP, Kennedy SL, Fleshner M. Influence of age and physical activity on the primary in vivo antibody and T cell-mediated responses in men. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory and exercise physiology 2004; 97: 491-8. [Link]

43. Drela N, Kozdron E, Szczypiorski P. Moderate exercise may attenuate some aspects of immunosenescence. BMC Geriatrics 2004; 4: 1-7. [Link]

44. Shinkai S, Konishi M, Shephard RJ. Aging and immune response to exercise. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 1998; 76: 562-72. [Link]

45. Lemmey A, Maddison P, Breslin A, Cassar P, Hasso N, McCann R, et al. Association between insulin-like growth factor status and physical activity levels in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of rheumatology 2001; 28: 29-34. [Link]

46. de Jong Z, Munneke M, Lems WF, Zwinderman AH, Kroon HM, Pauwels EKJ, et al. Slowing of bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by long-term high-intensity exercise: results of a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis and rheumatism 2004; 50: 1066-76. [Link]

47. Meksawan K, Venkatraman JT, Awad AB, Pendergast DR. Effect of dietary fat intake and exercise on inflammatory mediators of the immune system in sedentary men and women. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2004; 23: 331-40. [Link]

48. Rexrode KM, Pradhan A, Manson JE, Buring JE, Ridker PM. Relationship of total and abdominal adiposity with CRP and IL-6 in women. Annals of epidemiology 2003; 13: 674-82. [Link]

49. Petersen AMW, Pedersen BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory and exercise physiology 2005; 98: 1154-62. [Link]

50. Buyukyazi G, Kutukculer N, Kutlu N, Genel F, Karadeniz G, Ozkutuk N. Differences in the cellular and humoral immune system between middle-aged men with different intensity and duration of physically training. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness 2004; 44: 207-14. [Link]

51. Wang J-S, Huang Y-H. Effects of exercise intensity on lymphocyte apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in men. European journal of applied physiology 2005; 95: 290-7. [Link]

52. Sato Y, Nanri H, Ohta M, Kasai H, Ikeda M. Increase of human MTH1 and decrease of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in leukocyte DNA by acute and chronic exercise in healthy male subjects. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2003; 305: 333-8. [Link]

53. Mackinnon LT. Chronic exercise training effects on immune function. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2000; 32: S369-76. [Link]

54. Nieman DC. Is infection risk linked to exercise workload? Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2000; 32: S406-11. [Link]

55. Nieman DC. Special feature for the Olympics: effects of exercise on the immune system: exercise effects on systemic immunity. Immunology and cell biology 2000; 78: 496-501. [Link]

56. Bruunsgaard H, Ladelund S, Pedersen AN, Schroll M, Jorgensen T, Pedersen BK. Predicting death from TNF-a and IL-6 in 80-year-old people. Clinical & experimental immunology 2003; 132: 24-31. [Link]

57. Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Kavouras S, Stefanadis C, Study A. The associations between leisure-time physical activity and inflammatory and coagulation markers related to cardiovascular disease: the ATTICA Study. Preventive medicine 2005; 40: 432-7. [Link]

58. Colbert LH, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Tracy RP, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Physical activity, exercise, and inflammatory markers in older adults: findings from the health, aging, and body composition study. Journal of american geriatric society 2004; 52: 1098-104. [Link]

59. King DE, Carek P, Mainous III AG, Pearson WS. Inflammatory markers and exercise: differences related to exercise type. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2003; 35: 575-81. [Link]

60. Reuben DB, Judd-Hamilton L, Harris TB, Seeman TE. The associations between physical activity and inflammatory markers in high-functioning older persions: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Journal of american geriatric society 2003; 51: 1125-30. [Link]

61. Jankord R, Jemiolo B. Influence of physical activity on serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels in healthy older men. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2004; 36: 960-4. [Link]

62. Bruun JM, Helge JrW, Richelsen Br, Stallknecht B. Diet and exercise reduce low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue but not in skeletal muscle in severely obese subjects. American journal of physiology Endocrinology and metabolism 2006; 290: E961-7. [Link]

63. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation 2000; 101: 1767-72. [Link]

64. Robinson LE, Graham TE. Metabolic syndrome, a cardiovascular disease risk factor: role of adipocytokines and impact of diet and physical activity. Canadian journal of applied physiology 2004; 29: 808-29. [Link]

65. Obisesan TO, Leeuwenburgh C, Phillips T, Ferrell RE, Phares DA, Prior SJ, et al. C-reactive protein genotypes affect baseline, but not exercise training-induced changes, in C-reactive protein levels. Arteriosclerosis, Thromosis and vascular biology 2004; 24: 1874-9. [Link]

66. Lakka TA, Lakka H-M, Rankinen T, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, et al. Effect of exercise training on plasma levels of C-reactive protein in healthy adults: the HERITAGE Family Study. European heart journal 2005; 26: 2018-25. [Link]

67. Larsen AI, Aukrust P, Aarsland T, Dickstein K. Effect of aerobic exercise training on plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with heart failure. The American journal of cardiology 2001; 88: 805-8. [Link]

68. Tisi PV, Hulse M, Chulakadabba A, Gosling P, Shearman CP. Exercise training for intermittent claudication: does it adversely affect biochemical markers of the exercise-induced inflammatory response? European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 1997; 14: 344-50. [Link]

69. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rossouw JE, Siscovick DS, Mouton CP, Rifai N, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers, hormone replacement therapy, and incident coronary heart disease: prospective analysis from the Women's Health Initiative observational study. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 288: 980-7. [Link]

70. Stauffer BL, Hoetzer GL, Smith DT, DeSouza CA. Plasma C-reactive protein is not elevated in physically active postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory and exercise physiology 2004 96: 143-8. [Link]

71. Wei M, Schwerter HA, Blair SN. The association between physical activity, physical fitness, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Comprehensive therapy 2000; 26: 176-82. [Link]

72. Barzilay JI, Abraham L, Heckbert SR, Cushman M, Kuller LH, Resnick HE, et al. The relation of markers of inflammation to the development of glucose disorders in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Diabetes 2001; 50: 2384-9. [Link]

73. Duncan BB, Schmidt MIs, Pankow JS, Ballantyne CM, Couper D, Vigo A, et al. Low-grade systemic inflammation and the development of type 2 diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes 2003; 52: 1799-805. [Link]

74. Ryan AS, Nicklas BJ. Reductions in plasma cytokine levels with weight loss improve insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. Diabetes care 2004; 27: 1699-705. [Link]

75. McGavock JM, Mandic S, Vonder Muhll I, Lewanczuk RZ, Quinney HA, Taylor DA, et al. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care 2004; 27: 320-5. [Link]

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